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|f Language is a human and social phenomenon subject to linguistic development in its sounds, composition and lexicology. Despite that, classical linguists did not pay much attention to this matter, but rather were concerned with the language material itself; collecting and studying it.\nThe development could be positive just as it could be negative, and this is what we find in the emergence of errors in the language, such as grammatical errors, for example. Clear indicative references to this are found in the books of “The Grammatical Errors of the Public”, where the authors were concerned with collecting and enumerating the widespread common mistakes occurring upon the tongues of the public. They found them in the vocal, morphological, semantic, syntactic and Lexical fields, and modern linguists have attempted to investigate the reasons for these changes at all levels of the language.\nLanguage is the most significant of all human phenomena. It is also a place of concern and a context of completion. That is because it does not proceed in a manner of absolute coincidence and it does not stumble around randomly in its movement upon the tongues of people. Rather, it is governed, in this mater and that, by laws that almost rise to the status of natural laws, in terms of its consistency and strength. \nLanguage is therefore a living entity, because it lives upon the tongues of those who speak it whilst they are living. It develops and changes through the passing of time, just as the living organism evolves and changes. It is subject to what the organism is subjected to in respect to its emergence and development. It is a social phenomenon that is living in the embrace of society and derives its entity from it, its customs and traditions, and the conduct of its members, just as it evolves as the society evolves.\nAs the idea of evolution is a focal point upon which the study in various disciplines of science/knowledge is based, we can presuppose that language is in a constant evolution, in which two contradictory factors struggle against each whilst the language strives to maintain its balance between them, and these two factors, according to A. Darmeseteter, are:\nA - Preservation: It is a natural tendency among the speakers of the language which seeks to preserve it as they know it, in all its audio, morphological, grammatical and semantic systems so that it does not change and does not differ.\nB - Change: It is a force that seeks to drives the language towards evolving in all its systems and as such language is in a conflict between them. If you stick to the old and the preserved, you would stagnate and lag behind. And if you opened it to develop without limits, it would lose her regular personality, and would become disconnected and disappear. As such, change did not come in vain, or in insolence or to corrupt. Rather, it came to meet the needs of people in a society which does not cease to change in respect to all manifestations of conduct within it.\nAhmed Mohamed Qadour believes that the sound state of the language must be balanced between these two forces in order to achieve a kind of calm development that is linked to the old and its heritage and does not reject the new and its requirements.\nThis means that evolution occurs gradually, as Allah, the Most High, says: “And He has created you in stages” (TMQ: Nuh: Verse 14). Meaning that He created you in one state/condition following another, the stage of fluid, the stage of a clot and the stage of the lump of flesh. \nThis abstract translated by Dar AlMandumah Inc 2018.
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|d La langue c’est un fait social et humain, soumit à l’évolution linguistique à travers les sons, structures et lexicographe, malgré que les linguistes ne donnent pas l’importance à cet affaire, mais ils s’intéressent à l’étude de la matière linguistique en soi.\nL’évolution peut être positive comme négative, ce que l’on constate dans l’apparition des erreurs en langue comme la mélodie à titre d’exemple, nous trouvons des indications claires dans l’ouvrage « la mélodie publique » LAHNE EL AMA, les auteurs sont intéressés à la collection et le recensement des erreurs fréquentes dans le discours des gens au niveau phonique, sémantique, lexicographique. Les linguistes essaient de chercher les causes de ce changement dans tous les niveaux de langue.
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