| المستخلص: |
تعني هذه الدراسة ببيان أحد أقسام الواجب، الذي يعد واحدا من الأحكام التكليفية الخمسة عند المتكلمين من الأصوليين، آلا وهو الواجب المخير، حيث عرفت الواجب المخير لغة واصطلاحا، ومذاهب الأصوليين فيه حيث تبين أنه لا خلاف بين الأصوليين في ورود الأمر بخصال شتى في الشرع الحنيف ولكن الخلاف في ما أوجبه ذلك الآمر إذ ذهب الأصوليون إلى أقوال أربعة مشهورة، مذهب جمهور الأصوليين القائلين بأن امتثال الأمر يتحقق بفعل أي خصلة من الخصال وهم بذلك يذهبون إلى أن الواجب واحد غير معين؛ وأما المذاهب الأخرى فهي مذهب ينسبه المعتزلة لأهل السنة وينسبه أهل السنة للمعتزلة ومفاده أن الواجب معين عند الله تعالي غير معين عند المكلف، والمذهب الثالث لجمهور المعتزلة القائلين بأن الواجب هو الكل، والمذهب الثالث لبعض المعتزلة وهؤلاء ذهبوا إلى أن الواجب واحد معين وهو ما يفعله المكلف.
This study is concerned with explaining one part of the obligatory actions, which is considered one of the five compelling principles according to the outspoken fundamentalists. It is the optional obligatory action. The study defined the optional obligatory action linguistically and conceptually. The study also explains the approaches of the fundamentalists concerning optional obligatory which lead to the understanding that there is no discrepancy among the fundamentalists as related to the emergence of this matter in various characteristics as in the sacred Islamic decree. But, the dispute is on what is implied by the optional obligation. For the fundamentalists have four famous views. One is that of the population of the fundamentalists' in which they say that submission to this matter is accomplished by following any one of its characteristics. In so doing, they hold the view that the obligation is one which is not specified. The other approaches are collectively what the mu'tazila relate to the sunna people and vice versa. That means the obligation is strictly defined by Allah, the Glorious, but undefined to the subjects. The third approach according to the population of the mu'tazila says that the obligation is everything. But for some of the mu'tazila, the third approach means that the obligation is a definitive one and that is what the subjects do. The study aims at defining the optional obligation and explaining the views of the fundamentalists in addition to the most preferable approach. The study leads to a number of findings. From these, the dispute between the Sunna and the fundamentalist's mu'tazila is on the optional obligation. Some of the disagreement is verbal and that (what leads to the omission of the obligation), and some of it is real, and that (in the obligation is considered a characteristic) and (in what deserves a reward if done by all and leads to penalty if not done by all In addition to that the approach of the fundamentalists sunna people says that the optional obligation is an opaque one, and this is the most preferable and adopted view.
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