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This paper defines the concept of knowledge and its characteristics and relationship to information and communication technologies, specifically their effectiveness in turning sub-Saharan Africa into a knowledge-based society. It highlights the challenges of information and communication technology in sub-Saharan Africa, and discusses their future prospects. Emerging research shows that the most important challenges are the lack of political stability, high rates of poverty, illiteracy, the absence of specific e-learning culture and information, the lack of creative and innovative human resources, poor infrastructure for Internet services and mobile phones browsing and searching, and the knowledge gap and digital divide. To meet these challenges, Africans should eradicate poverty through promoting investment in the field of human capacity and inventions, rebuild the infrastructure for information and communication technology, and increase the technological awareness of citizens and the workforce by enabling all citizens to use mobile phones and information and communications technology networks as public services. Africans should also promote quality education and scientific research based on information technology, and move toward knowledge production
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