| المستخلص: |
The research deals with one of the phenomena of language, which is the phenomenon of linguistic possibility, taking the legal texts of legislation as a sample for the study, therefore the research is entitled "Linguistic Probability in the Legal Texts of Legislation". The research aims, in the presentation of its material through three chapters, introduced with a prologue, which sheds light on the role of language in society and its importance in the various fields of knowledge. The first chapter deals with the causes and factors leading to the emergence of probability through two sections, the first offered linguistic reasons that lead to its appearance therefore it's entitled "Verbal Reasons". In the second section, the non-linguistic reasons have been mentioned, which can depend on the language system so that the legislative text will move towards probability, resulting from a desire to pass some political, social or religious purposes. The second chapter tackles the different formats of probability. The chapter has been divided into three sections. The first section displays the lexical possibility, which takes the form of words with different meanings but one pronunciation, which is achieved through dividing it into two divisions. In the first division, the different meanings attributed to one pronunciation has been mentioned and in the second the development that takes place to the meaning of a word which leads to possibility. The second section displays the possibility that takes place due to the structure of a word and its derivations, as a result, the section has been entitled "Morphological Possibility "in which the structure is moving towards the possibility that significantly affects the meaning of the structure in a legislative text. The third section is devoted to the structural possibility, namely, "The Grammatical Possibility" which mentions the most important aspects of grammar possibility, including the multi-functionality, predication component, pronoun reference, attachment of semi-sentences and others. As for the final chapter, it displays the effects that possibility leaves in legislation texts, which also falls into three sections. Social effects are displayed in the first, the political effects in the second and economical effects in the third. The research has reached many conclusions, for instance it became clear that possibility is a linguistic phenomenon characterized by generalization and universality, therefore there is a lexical, morphological, syntactic and semantic possibility. This phenomenon is clear in legislation texts whether religious or legal as they are all vulnerable to it. It has effects in legislation texts, and has the availability to do so on all aspects of life whether social, political or economical. Probability is frequently used to give the legislative text flexibility, in order give the judge more freedom to interpret the text in accordance with the situation he is facing, however, it may be adopted in order to pass some purposes in favour of some political individuals. The research seeks to touch on the causes of this phenomenon, as well as its forms and effects in order to develop appropriate solutions so that legislation will avoid the negative consequences, concerning the rights of the individuals as well as the community.
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