| المستخلص: |
Introduction: Believing in the role of Egyptian women as one of the most important axes of development in the society and as an active partner in their family life, researchers were interested in analyzing how women distribute their time between different daily activities, including measuring the different roles that women play and their contribution to development, economic and social conditions in Egypt. Due to the importance of time use for Egyptian women and its distribution between paid work, and work at home and the impact of the demographic, social and economic characteristics of women on the way of distributing time, and the possibility of estimating the value of women's unpaid work which has a great importance and a fundamental step in estimating the total real contribution of women in economic activity, Therefore, this study focuses on women in the age group (18-64 years), which represents the period in which women can contribute to the economic activity of the society. Objectives: The study aims to measure and evaluate the unpaid work of Egyptian women, estimate the value of this work and add it to Gross domestic product. More specifically, the study seeks to: 1- Identifying the demographic, social and economic characteristics of women according to study governorates (Cairo, Alexandria, Dakahlia, Gharbia, Menia, Sohag). 2- Knowledge of the various activities carried out by women during the day and the average time used in each activity. 3- Estimating the value of unpaid domestic work. Main results: About half of the total female sample is concentrated in the age group (30-49 years), the highest percentage of urban females (33.1%) in the age group (18-29 years) compared to 26.4% in rural. About 27% of the total females in the sample did not go to school, 83% of females are married, 17% of the total females work, and 83% don't work. 1- Education activity: A. The average time spent in education activity (5 hours, 26 minutes) for total governorates and 4.4% of females do this activity. B. The average number of hours allocated for this activity (2 hours, 24 minutes) for females who work and 2.6% of them do this activity, females who do not work spent (5 hours, 47 minutes) by 4.5%. 2- Work activity within national accounts: A. The total time spent within this activity (4 hours, 49 minutes) and19.1% of females in the age group (18-64 years) do this activity, in urban areas (5 hours, 39 minutes) by15.5% compared to 4 hours in rural areas by 23.8% B. Approximately 70% of total female working within the national accounts spent (6 hours, 34 minutes) per day versus (1 hour, 52 minutes) for females who do not work. 3- Unpaid domestic work: A. The rate of time use in unpaid domestic work activity (6 hours, 22 minutes) which was done by about 96% of total females. B. The highest rate of time used in unpaid domestic work activity (7 hours, 32 minutes) was in the age group (30-39 years) by about 99% at the total level. C. Approximately 98% of married females are working in unpaid domestic work and spend about (6 hours, 45 minutes) 4- Leisure activities: A. The rate of time used for this activity (4 hours, 14 minutes at the total level, (4 hours, 32 minutes) in urban compared to (3 hours, 5 minutes) in rural. B. The highest rate of time used for this activity at the total level was (5 hours, 2 minutes) in the age group (60-64 years), and the lowest rate (3 hours, 48 minutes) in the age group (30-39 years). 5- Activities of personal care and sleeping: A. The average number of hours allocated for this activity (12 hours, 43 minutes) for all females in the age group (18-64 years). B. The average time spent on this activity decreases with the level of education as it reached (13 hours, 39 minutes) for females who did not attend school, and the number of hours decreased to (11 hours, 53 minutes) for females with an above-intermediate qualification at governorate level. C. The highest rate of time used for this activity was (14 hours, 5 minutes) for widowed females at governorate level.
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