| المستخلص: |
The researcher of this paper started by defining the meaning of the term “ethnicity” and the difference between it and similar terms, such as: nation, tribe, racism, ethnicity, nationalism and minority. After discussing this question, he found that ethnicity includes genetic elements, such as race, and other acquired elements, such as culture. Ethnic identity is multidimensional: social, cultural, political and historical. This identity can be identified in: the sense of interrelationship between a group of people of common origin, history and cultural characteristics that distinguish them from other groups. Ethnicity in Africa changed after colonialism, and the division of Africa at the Berlin Conference of 188585- into political entities that guaranteed the influence of the colonialists. The ethnic map in Africa is multicolored and it is not easy to count these ethnic groups. Even the languages, which are among the components of ethnicity, are difficult to enumerate in Africa. In the management of ethnic diversity in Africa, the researcher highlighted the most important factors of tension, such as: lack of justice in the distribution of wealth, marginalization, exclusion from power sharing, conflict over resources and ethnic exploitation for political gain. He also presented the various approaches to manage the ethnic diversity, with providing some examples. Finally, this paper proposes model for the management of ethnic diversity in Africa: “pluralism policy” which includes: acceptance of others; real sharing in power, decision making and implementation; equity in wealth distribution, development and service provision; respect the individual and collective rights and freedoms; preserving and promoting of the particularities of ethnic groups. That results the sense of security. The researcher pointed out that the Holy Quran set the parameters of the clear approach to peaceful coexistence between people, whether they are individuals or a group, which is the pluralistic approach, knowing that this ethnic diversity is the norm of people’s life
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