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انطلقت هذه الدراسة من الأهمية والآثار المترتبة حالياً على نشر الأخبار المزيفة بوسائل الإعلام وخاصة بما يسمى وسائل الإعلام الجديدة، فلقد توصل الباحثون إلى أن آثار وتبعات الأخبار المزيفة في عصر التواصل الرقمي تصبح في كثير من الأحيان أهم بكثير من كون أن الخبر مزيف. فما أن ينتشر الخبر يصبح من الصعوبة بمكان التخفيف من وطأته حتى إن ظهر بالدليل الثابت أنه مزيف أو مفبرك. وقد تعرض الكثير منا لنماذج أخبار ظهر بعد انتشارها أنها مزيفة، ورغم ذلك وقعها وآثارها تظل باقية وكأنها كانت صادقة وموثقة. كما أن هذا المفهوم، "الأخبار المزيفة (الوهمية)" هو مفهوم ذو تعبيرات متعددة من شأنه أن يهدم دور وسائل الإعلام باعتبارها من الأجهزة التنويرية بأي دولة أو كما يفترض أن تكون. وقد سعت العديد من الدراسات لوضع تعريفات لهذا المفهوم، لكن تظل هناك إشكالية توحيد هذا المفهوم وهو ما تسعى هذه الدراسة لرصده من خلال استقراء الدراسات السابقة التي تناولت هذا المفهوم وتحليلها في إطار منهج تحليل المستوى الثاني.
This study was launched from the importance and implications of the published fake news media, especially the so-called “New Media”, researchers found that the effects and consequences of the fake news in the era of digital communication is often more important than the fact that the news is false. As the news spread, it is difficult to reduce it even if the evidence established that it was false or fabricated. Many of us have been subjected to news models that was discovered after their deployment they were false, although its impact and effect remain as if it was honest and documented. In addition, the concept of "fake news" is a concept with multiple expressions that undermines the role of the media as a fourth power. Many studies have sought to put the definitions of this concept, but there are still remains the problem of unification of this concept, which is what this study seeks to monitor it through the induction of previous studies which addressed this concept and analyzes them in the framework of a second-level analysis. The objectives of the study: 1. Identifying the concept of this term, as submitted by previous studies and exploring the difference in the theoretical orientation of this concept, depending on the prevailing ones by ideologies in each study. 2. Providing critical vision for these studies about this concept using the second level analysis and monitoring of the problems relating to. 3. Reviewing of previous studies that dealt with the concept of fake news and presenting a future vision of this concept according to these studies. The study methodology: This study has used "the analysis of the second level" in order to review and analyze 14 studies directly addressed the term "Fake News ", these studies have varied, some of them about the television fake news and the others about the new media fake news, whether published or visible. The methods of analysis of these studies are varied too, some are adopted on the questionnaire or content analysis as tools of measurement. The researcher had intended this diversity in order to enrich the results of the study and stand on the problem of the study to come out with results within a comprehensive critical vision.
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