| المستخلص: |
Population growth is an ancient and new problem at the same time; Robert Malthus had aroused in the eighteenth century, the new Malthusism still adopts it and it had been developed by some people. Robert Malthus, supported by the classic had ascribed the problems of poverty, hunger and retardation to the natural difference between the population growth rate, on one hand, and the nourishment growth rate, on the other hand, according to its famous progressions. Marxism theory adopted different opinion; it believes that problems resulted from Capitalism that based on the classes differentiation and the unjust distribution of wealth. Termism school created a different concept: (the population optimum term) where it balanced between the citizens' number and the economic resources in a way that creates an economic development rate higher than the population growth rate so that the country would preserve its population economic and living level. After the population explosion that world had witnessed, especially the developing countries, in the middle of the last century, population problem appeared again and occupied a great deal of attention, so the Malthus opinions appeared in a new look known as(the new Malthusim). Its supporters developed a number of economic theories to prove the negative effect of population growth on economic growth, adding new demographic concepts to deal with the necessity of considering the relative importance of the general categories to define the largest category of population which is known as (the demographic change), calling the developing country to get use of this change as it is known as (the demographic gift) or (the demographic returns). The relation between the population growth rate and the economic growth rate had subjected to applied tests by different economists, the result was the rise of three main currents to clarify the nature of this relation. The first current(the positive current) believes that population growth motivates the economic growth, the idea which is rejected by the second current(the negative current). The third current is known as (the neutral current); it believes that population growth has no clear or defined effect on the economic growth. This study deals with the relation between the population growth rate and the economic growth rate in selected countries(China and Egypt) focusing on Iraq. (China and Egypt) had been selected due to their great population as well as their population policies to limit the population increase, so they would be suitable samples for the understudy relation. One of them represents a developed economy(China) and the second represents a developing economy(Egypt). The study depends on the most important indicators of the economic growth represented by the gross local product, the individual share of the income, the gross capital and the unemployment rate. The study attempts to analyze this relation during a relative long period, starting from the nineties of the last century to the first half of the second decade of the current century according to the available required data.
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