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يمثل النشاط الإنساني نشاطاً تفاعلياً سعى إلى إثبات وجوده بالإعلان عن مشاعره وعواطفه أمام الوجود، وعليه فكل نشاط إنساني لا يكون إلا حواراً. ولتعدد مفاهيم الحوار، كان علينا البدء بالجذر اللغوي لمعرفة أصل الحوار في اللغة التي أظهرت أن له أصول ثلاثة، ثم انطلقنا إلى المفهوم الاصطلاحي الذي تعدد باختلاف المشارب بدء من النهج السقراطي وأراء أفلاطون النقدية، ونجد هذا الأسلوب في بعض المصنفات العربية التي لا تنتمي إلى المسرحية أو الرواية، ولا سيما لدى الجاحظ في كتابه (الحيوان)، ولدى أبي حيان التوحيدي في (الإمتاع والمؤانسة) وبعد أن بينا علاقة الحوار بالشعر، سنوجز ما يخص الحوار بنوعيه: الداخلي والخارجي، مفصلين أقسام كل نوع وأنماطه، تفصيلاً موجزاً. إن دخول الحوار أساساً في حمال القصة والرواية والمسرحية حتى وصوله إلى الشعر، على اختلاف صيغه (خارجي – داخلي)، كان لأسباب فنية تزيد من تقنية العمل الأدبي، فأصبح وسيلة من وسائل التعبير في هذا المجال. ومن خلال تناول مفهوم الحوار الخارجي (الدبالوج) والحوار الداخلي (المونلوج) وأنواعه تناولنا الحوار في المسرح وصلته بالسرد القصصي، ثم كانت لنا وقفة مع مفهوم الحوار في القرآن الكريم حيث تبين إن الحوار في القرآن الكريم يساعد كثيراً على إقامة الحجة ودفع الشبهة الفاسد من القول والرأي للوصول إلى الحقيقة، تلك إذن الغاية الأصلية للحوار في القرآن، وثمة أهداف فرعية أو ممهدة لهذه الغاية.
Human activity represents an interactive activity that sought to prove its existence by declaring its feelings and emotions before existence, and accordingly, every human activity is nothing but dialogue. And due to the multiplicity of the concepts of dialogue, we had to start with the linguistic root to know the origin of dialogue in the language that showed that it has three origins, then we proceeded to the idiomatic concept that has many different stripes, starting with the Socratic approach and the critical opinions of Plato, and we find this method in some Arab works that do not belong to the play. Or the novel, especially for A1-Jahiz in his book (The Animal), and in Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi in (Enjoyment and Sociability), and after we explained the relationship of dialogue with poetry, we will summarize what is related to the dialogue in its two types: the internal and the extemal, detailing the sections and patterns of each genre, in a brief detail. The introduction of dialogue mainly in the beauty of the story, the novel and the play until it reached poetry, and in its various forms (external - internal). By dealing with the concept of external dialogue (dialog) and internal dialogue (monologue) and its types, we dealt with dialogue in theater and its connection to storytelling. Then we had a pause with the concept of dialogue in the Noble Qur'an, where it was found that dialogue in the Holy Qur'an helps a lot to establish the argument and push back the corrupt suspicion of saying And opinion is to reach the truth, then that is the original goal of dialogue in the Qur'an, and there are secondary or paving goals for this end. Findings and recommendations Dialogue is a method of speech, and its purpose may be persuasion, and it may be a means of understanding. From this point of view, we can refer to the importance of dialogue for humanity on the basis that it is a means of understanding. The patterns of dialogue have varied between the external dialogue that the writer uses on many topics, and the internal dialogue that he expresses about oneself by talking to her at times, and by talking to her at other times. That there is a close relationship between dialogue and the ancient poetic story, as it was one of its important elements in most poetic stories, and it has performed a number of tasks that have its value, which confirms the existence of the fictional sense. Finally, the dialogue component still needs more studies, by addressing other poets and writers, the historical ages of literature, or poetry schools, to reveal the extent of dialogue's presence in the literary text, its functions and the diversity of its styles. In conclusion, I hope from God Almighty that I have succeeded in giving a complete picture, or closer to perfection, on the topic of dialogue, so what was right is from God, and what was wrong from myself and Satan, and I ask God for forgiveness for every sin and sin.
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