| 520 |
|
|
|a الملك جيمس الثاني الذي تولى عرش إنكلترا في العام ١٦٨٥ م لم يستطع أن يواصل الحفاظ على منصبه الملكي إذ أطيح به بعد ثلاث أعوام فقط من توليه للعرش الإنكليزي، وقد تعددت الأسباب والمسببات لذلك لكن يتبقى السؤال الأهم والمتفرع إلى عدة جوانب وأهمها هل انتهى عهده بسبب فشل سياسته؟ أم انه كان ناجحا غير أن عهده تم إنهاءه على الرغم من كل شيء؟ وهل كانت الظروف المحيطة به داخليا وخارجيا عصيبة وشائكة؟ أم انه فعليا كان ملكا فاشلا؟ في الفترة التي سبقت ولايته للعرش تعرض لحملة الاستبعاد عن منصبه في ولاية العهد بعهد حكم أخيه الملك شارل الثاني ١٦٦٠- ١٦٨٥ م، وذلك لتمسكه بمذهبه الكاثوليكي ورفضه إعلان التبعية للتيار الأنغليكاني، والتي كانت صعبة ومريرة لكنها كانت قد خابت وفشلت. لذا ما أن انتهى عهد أخيه حتى سرعان ما برز اسم جيمس كمرشح قوي للمنصب الملكي وحضا بدعم كبير من قبل كل من أساقفة الكنيسة الأنغليكانية ومن قبل التيارات السياسية المحافظة التي كانت تدعم الحقوق الملكية والسلطات الوراثية الملكية، وكذلك تم دعمه من معظم سياسي إنكلترا واتباع التيارات السياسية المختلفة الذين كانوا مقتنعين بإمكانية إقامة علاقات متناغمة ورصينة مع الملك ويأملون حدوث فرصة لهم ليحضوا بمكانة سياسية مناضرة لمكانة التيارات السياسية المحافظة.
|b King James II, who assumed the throne of England in the year 1685 A.D., could not continue to maintain his royal position, as he was overthrown only three years after his accession to the English throne, and the reasons and causes for this have varied, but the most important question remains and is divided into several aspects, the most important of which is whether his reign ended due to the failure of his policy? Or was he successful, but his reign was terminated in spite of everything? Were the circumstances surrounding him internally and externally difficult and thorny? Or was he actually a failed king? In the period leading up to his tenure to the throne, he was subjected to a campaign of exclusion from his position in the crown prince during the reign of his brother King Charles II 1660-1685 AD, due to his adherence to his Catholic doctrine and his refusal to declare subservience to the Anglican movement, which was difficult and bitter, but it was disappointed and failed. So, as soon as his brother’s reign ended, James’s name quickly emerged as a strong candidate for the royal position, and he gained great support from both the bishops of the Anglican Church and from conservative political currents that supported royal rights and royal hereditary powers, as well as he was supported by most of England’s politicians and followers of political currents. The various groups who were convinced of the possibility of establishing harmonious and sober relations with the king, and hoped for an opportunity for them to gain a political standing in support of the position of conservative political currents. As a result of the promises made by King James II to preserve and respect the position and role of the English Church, the concerns and doubts that the conservatives were concerned about the King's Catholic doctrine have diminished, especially after his failure to have a child from his Catholic wife, Mary Modena, which will open the way to his Protestant daughter Mary from his first marriage, because His succession to the English throne. However, despite all the promising things that accompanied the arrival of King James II to the English throne, by the second half of June 1688 AD, the king himself had actually succeeded in uniting most of the personalities and political currents against him and was no longer able to prevent planning and the completion of the order to overthrow him, Here we must explain how this dramatic, dangerous and rapid transformation took place.
|
