المستخلص: |
In their criticism of the maqãmas in general and the maqãmas of Badî al- Zamãn al-Hamãdanî specifically, some critics and writers have offered some harsh and perhaps unfounded judgments. Thomas Chenery has claimed that the “diction is all in all”. Reynold A. Nicolson describes the style as everything. H.A.R. Gibbs believes that the “author’s object is to display his poetry, his eloquence or his learning.” Finally G.E.von Grunebaum describes the art of Hamãdanî as “the greatest triumph of the principle of art for art’s sake” (Monroe, 1983, pp. 8788-). To really appreciate the value of the maqãmas as a literary work, it is important to study the Maqãmas of Badî al-Zamãn al-Hamãdanî, which were written in the fourth century, on the basis of western theory. This article endeavors to show that the Maqãmas reflect western theory to a large extent, and this is significant because it proves that the Maqãmas are not only universal literature that can withstand time and place, but they can also be applicable to a foreign theory. In the first part of the article, I will use a Structuralism approach to interpret six maqãmas of Badî al-Zamãn al-Hamãdanî. In the second part, the same six maqãmas will be interpreted utilizing the approach of Ecocriticism. The third part studies the power mechanism in some of the six maqamas.
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