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الرئيسية > عدم التوافق بين المستويات التع...>الوصف

عدم التوافق بين المستويات التعليمية والمهن في سياق أهداف التنمية المستدامة 2030

العنوان بلغة أخرى: Mismatch between Educational Levels and Occupations in the Context Sustainable Development Goals 2030
المصدر: السكان : بحوث ودراسات
الناشر: الجهاز المركزي المصري للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء
المؤلف الرئيسي: عبدالخالق، وليد أمين (مؤلف)
مؤلفين آخرين: محمد، هايدي سامي (م. مشارك), العشري، فاطمة محمد (م. مشارك), أحمد، سهير متولي (م. مشارك)
المجلد/العدد: ع100
محكمة: نعم
الدولة: مصر
التاريخ الميلادي: 2020
الشهر: يوليو
الصفحات: 1 - 36
رقم MD: 1318294
نوع المحتوى: بحوث ومقالات
اللغة: العربية
قواعد المعلومات: EcoLink
مواضيع:
المجتمع المصري | المستويات التعليمية | متطلبات سوق العمل | المهارات المطلوبة | التشغيل والبطالة
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المستخلص: The problem of Mismatch between educational levels and the requirements of the labor market is a major challenge for policy makers in various fields, because it is related to dynamic social and economic aspects, and labor market imbalances indicate differences between supply and demand, which means Mismatch between qualifications and skills and demand for them in the labor market. The study aims to analyze the phenomenon of incompatibility of educational qualifications among workers by measuring employment and unemployment rates according to some selected characteristics, and the relative change in the average wage according to the educational situation, this besides measuring the cases of compatibility and incompatibility between educational levels and occupations in the context of the sustainable development goals 2030. The study is based on the data of labour force survey and annual bulletins of graduates of higher education and scientific degrees issued by the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) during (2015-2019). Results of the study: The percentage of female participation in the labor force or employment decreased during the period 2015-2019, where the percentage of female participation in the labor force was 18.0% in 2019 compared to 23.6% in 2015, as well as female employment that reached to 15.3% in 2019 compared to 20.5% in 2015, this means we need more efforts to empower females to increase their participation, whether in the workforce or employment.

- The employment rate among males compared with females increased to more than 5 times as it reached 64.1% for males compared to 12.2% for females. - The largest percentage of employment was for those with an intermediate technical qualification 34.2%, then illiterate workers, and those with a university qualification or more (18.6% each), the lowest percentage was for workers with general secondary education or more, with a rate of 1.9% in the year 2019. •Unemployment rate among youth in the age group (15-29 years) was decreased from 26.1% in 2015 to 16.7% in 2019. This rate was increased to 43.3% for females compared to with l0.4% for males in 2019. •The rate of change of wages tends to decrease with the increase of the educational level of employment during 2015-2019. where the rate of change in the average daily wage for illiterate workers reached 50.8%, decreased to 41.6% for the technical intermediate qualification and then reached to 26.4% for the university and above university qualifications. The same result also for both males and females. which reflect the higher relative demand for those workers at the lower levels compared with the higher levels. - The unemployment rate decreased from 12.8% in 2015 to 7.9% in 2019, as this period was characterized by stability and the completion of the structure of state institutions after the previous revolutions. - The highest unemployment rates are found among those with a university qualification or more, followed by those with an above-intermediate qualification and less than a university degree in 2019, by 10.0%. - In general, the unemployment period decreases for the unemployed with a decrease in the level of education. For example, 65.0% of the unemployed males, the level of education was illiterates, the percentage for females was 80.7% and this percentage decreases to reach 38.6%, 22.0% for the males and females respectively for those the unemployed who have a university qualification and above in 2019.

- The results showed that most of the graduates were from theoretical colleges by 77.8%, compared to 22.2% for practical colleges. The percentage of females in theoretical colleges increased to be 80.7% compared with 19.3% in practical colleges out of the total female graduates. On the other hand, the percentage of males in theoretical colleges reached 74.0%, compared with 26.0% in practical colleges out of the total male graduates. The previous result means that increases unemployment rates and mismatching between occupation and educational level, which represents a waste in human and financial resources. The results showed that 54.3% of workers work in occupations that do not match their educational levels in 2019 as 7.5% are classified as matching qualifications, about 46.8% undereducated, while 45.7% of workers are overeducated. - The Undereducated females is much higher in occupations of agriculture and fishing 78.9%, then technicians and assistant assistants 77.6%, and crafts 61.0%, these percentages were decreased for those who work in the services 53.4%, specialists (professionals)17.1%, and clerical work 2.5%. The percentage of overeducated females is higher for clerical work, as it reached to 46.2%, and for workers in ordinary job 36.2%, compared with services workers shop and market sales workers 7.9%, and in crafts workers 6.0%, as well as for workers in agriculture and fishing 0.6%. This indicates the mismatch between work in these occupations and educational levels. - The most matching qualifications occupations for females are specialists (who have scientific professions) by 82.9%, regular occupations (63.8%), and these percentages have reached to less than 50% for the other occupations, also, the results of the study showed that The lowest matching occupations for females, is in agricultural workers and specialized fishing workers by 20.5%, because these occupations do not require a specific educational level. - The percentage of undereducated males were increased in the occupations "legislators, senior officials and managers" 82.1% is due to the fact that this group includes the category of managers, which includes production managers, services, restaurants and hotels, services, marketing and sales, wholesale and retail trade which does not require a specific educational level in the Egyptian labor market. - The highest percentage of males overeducated in the occupation of clerks 34.8%, which includes for example (data entry), and ordinary job workers 34.7%. Many males work in these jobs to escape from the long-term unemployment and maybe a work temporarily on the other hand There are not overeducated males in occupations such as (technicians and associate professionals, professionals and legislators, senior officials and manager).because these occupations required a specific educational level to join them from the beginning. - The most matching qualifications occupations for males were in the occupations such as specialists and those with scientific professions 85.7% because this occupation includes scientific specializations and a specific educational level since the beginning of its announcement.

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