المستخلص: |
This study examines the effectiveness of direct versus indirect written corrective feedback (WCF) on the writing accuracy of intermediate Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students, as well as the potential development in their use of English article systems over eight weeks. Using intact classes and a quasi-experimental design, the study assessed the impact of the interventions using a "pretest, treatment, and posttest" approach. To evaluate language proficiency and writing skills, instruments including the Nelson English Language Test and writing pre-, and post-tests were utilized. Sixty participants were selected based on their language proficiency and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. There were six sessions, each lasting six weeks, during which direct corrective feedback, indirect corrective feedback, and task-complexity manipulation were implemented. Findings indicated substantial differences among the groups, with direct corrective feedback proving most effective in enhancing writing accuracy. The discussion concentrates on the distinction between direct and indirect feedback, highlighting the significance of direct feedback for improving writing accuracy. The outcome of the study emphasises the need for improved teacher training and instructional methodologies in second language (L2) writing education at Baghdad University.
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