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|a In this study the relationship between some monocot plants (Typha domingensis: Typhaceae ; Phragmites australis: Juncaceae) and oil pollutants in water, soil and sediments in some stations in Biji - Salahdin governorate where Northern Refinery company present and Kirkuk governorate where Northern Oil company occurred outlet present was investigated. For this purpose, some physical and chemical characteristics of the water, soil and sediments as well as the plants where studied during the period from December 2010 to July 2011. The plants chemical contents were also investigated. The effects of oil pollutants on the internal structure of the studied plants during winter and summer were also included. This study includes the measurement of biological oxygen demand, Electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, nitrite, nitrate, and sulphate in oil waste water. The study also include determination of some heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni)in water, soil, sediments and plants as well as determination of total organic carbon TOC and oil residue in the sediments. In plants, the study was involved estimation the concentration of some heavy (Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni) and Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF) and Bio-Sediment Factor (BSF) as well as determination the total protein, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total plant chlorophyll. Some tests for active contents were carried out also. Results of physical and chemical characteristics of water, soil and sediments was showed there is a significant variance of this characteristics between studied locations and control station during studied seasons, this characteristics crossing the global and local acceptable boundaries . Results of pH ranged between (7.7-8.3); the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, phosphate and total suspended solid in polluted stations was ranged between (1.45-0.063) mg/L, (11.4-0.081) µg/L, (1544.6-201.7) mg/L and (17.42- 1.93) mg/L, (840.2- 23.7) mg/L respectively, while the results of this characteristics for control station was within the acceptable boundaries.
|a Station No 2 in Kirkuk (in winter) and salahdin (in spring) showed the highest concentration of oil residue compared with other studied stations and the control, and it was (58.34- 36.07) mg/L respectively. Results of TOC showed that station No. 2 in Kirkuk and salahdin was highest (19.52- 8.4) % respectively compared with other stations. Concentrations of heavy metals in water of polluted stations was ranged between (0.755-0.014) mg/L for Fe, (0.075- 0.005) mg/L for Zn, (0.031- 0.0003) mg/L for Cu and (0.126- 0.024) mg/L for Ni. While the concentration of this metals in soil of polluted stations was ranged between (0.41- 0.18) mg/L for Fe, (0.187 – 0.043) mg/L for Zn, (0.483- 0.004) mg/L for Cu and (4.95- 0.41) mg/L for Ni. Concentration of heavy metals in sediment of polluted stations was ranged between (0.46- 0.02) mg/L for Fe, (0.18- 0.052) mg/L for Zn, (0.023- 0.005) mg/L for Cu and (9.46- 0.111) mg/L for Ni. While the concentration of heavy metals in studied plants with disregard of station, growth season, study region and types of plants was ranged between (45.76- 8.81) for Fe, ( 0.61 - 0.02) for Zn, (0.8- 0.071) for Cu and (4.33 - 0.037) mg/gm dry weight for Ni. Results showed that the accumulation of heavy metals in Phragmites was found higher than the rest of the studied plants. Results also showed significant variance in chemical contents (chlorophyll and total protein) between the plants of polluted stations and those in unpolluted station (control), Typha was higher than Phragmites and Juncus in chlorophyll a (6.82) mg/gm, while chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll (3.91) mg/gm respectively were higher in Phragmites than in Typha and Juncus. Higher percentage of total protein was found in polluted Phragmites while the lowest percentage was found in polluted Juncus, the percentage of total protein in polluted plants with disregard of the location and plant types ranged from (52.5- 2.29) %. While in control plant the percentage ranged (46.04-17.8)%. Results of chemical test for plant active contents were showed that there are no difference between polluted plants and control plants in their chemical contents. With disregard about the region, stations and growth season, the study results showed no differences in the ground tissue structure between polluted plants and control plants, but there are clear differences in the number of meta xylem and number of air chamber in the plant organ. Finally with disregard of the type of plants, results showed that there are clear differences on stomata frequent between upper epidermis and lower epidermis in polluted and unpolluted plants.
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