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|a It is known that the Abbasi reign was the longest Islamic Caliphate reign. Many events had happened among that reign such as the political and military events. Also it had witnessed many important civilizable developments especially at the intellectual and materialistic fields. Due to those bases, the modern researches have dealt with those matters by studying and research so they wrote thousands of university theses and dissertation, but a researcher, after along contemplating and talks with the specialists, found that the A’araabs had clear participation at the events of that age, moreover, they had clear important political, ideological and military role. The Abbasi military caliphate and the local after mights in Iraq put into consideration their effects, moreover, tried to acquire their loyalty at many opportunities, therefore, I found that this matter is noticeable to study and search, especially it has not been searched for by any university thesis or dissertation according to my humble knowledge. Thus I found myself obliged to study it as a university thesis under the title, (( The A’araabs of Western Iraq with relation to the Abbasi Caliphate until (( 656 A.H / 1258 A.D)) to get into the bottom of this subject and to find a suitable explanation of the activity of this social group which took the western Iraqi deserts as a home during the Abbasi stage which drew important attention of the Abbasi Caliphate and the local forces that took over the affairs of the counties. The research had included an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter has dealt with “The A’araabs, their customs and characteristics” four topics arranged according to the following order:
|a - The first topic which has dealt with the source of the word (A’araabs) with relation to the language and idiomatic usage. - The second topic has dealt with the frequent number of mentioning of the word (A’araabs) in the Koran after a detailed survey with explanation of the causes of the coming out texts that contained this term which is very important to disclose some prompts and signs that provide more knowledge about their customs and manners. - The third topic deals with the Prophetic speeches which had put the criteria and regulations of how to deal with them according to what comprise with the Islamic law in addition to some warnings that informed or drew attention of the civilians to get away from the desert life which has a great effect on the sound faith, this topic has confirmed information about the A’araabs life with texts taken from the doctrine books of Islam. - The forth topic has lit with the A’araabs social actuality and observed their habits by the civilization historians and thinkers of sociology. The second chapter has treated the A’araabs tribes in the west of Iraq, their sources, their geographical distribution and the regions of their existence which include three groups: Rabi’a tribes, Mudhar tribes which are subdivided into two categories and the Qahtani tribes, according to the following topics: - The first topic: I have studied Rabi’a tribes which have been subdivided into two tribes: the first was Bano Sheiban tribe and the second was Taghlib which the research has detailed the stages of its migration from the Arabian Peninsula till the Abbasi age explaining the reasons of that migration towards the west of Iraq, the same thing is said about the other tribal groups which will be mentioned next. Mudher tribes which involve the second and the third topics. - In the second topic I have studied Al-Yaas bin Mudher bin Nazar tribes which includes three tribes: Asad bin Khuzeima, Timeem tribe and Dhabba tribe.
|a - In the third topic, I have studied tribes of Qais bin Aeylan bin Mudher, which have been subdivided into six other tribes: Aqeel bin Ka’ab tribe, Khafaji tribe, Bano Ubada tribe, Al-Muntafaq tribe, Bano Nameer tribe and finally Bano Kilab tribe. It also contained the Qahtani tribes, two prominent tribes: Tay and Kulb. I have developed the third chapter to study the social life of the A’araabs of the west of Iraq which had been subdivided into several topics which have dealt with the following subjects: the tribe, the sheik (head) of the tribe, the tribal alliances at the west of Iraq, the A’araabs social Arab ranks at the west of Iraq, customs and traditions of western Iraq A’araabs, the prisoners and captives at the society of Western Iraq, the family in the A’araabs society, their houses, food, clothes, means of traveling and the most important animals which were depended on by the A’araabs in the west of Iraq. The fourth chapter dealt with the motives of the A’araabic of Western opposition against the Abbasi Caliphate which seemed negative most of the time because it took the warlike aspect. That warlike relation was based on many motives such as: 1- The economical motives: they are considered as the most important motives which led to the negative relations between the A’araabs of Western Iraq and the Abbasi Caliphate because they seized the opportunity of weakness of that Caliphate confirmed by the domination of the local and foreign forces which took three directions: a- Cutting off the main ways especially those of pilgrims which is considered as one of the sources to get livelihood that they depended on. b- Attacking cities, villages and sacred religious centers aiming to get important economic resources. c- Confirming the opposing movement, against the Abbasi Caliphate: 1- They confirmed Al-Khawarij aiming to get financial gains. 2- They confirmed the Negroes ( Al-Zinj) economically and militarily to invade Basrah to get the gains obtained after the invasion. The economical aim was represented by being the centre of transporting goods from the western Iraqi deserts and sending them to the camp of the Zinji ruler to obtain money and wealth meanwhile they were not affected by the Zinji beliefs. 3- The political and religious motives: This section has been devoted to their situation which confirmed religious ideological movements which declared their hostility against the Abbasi Caliphate such as: a- The Carmate movement: The A’araabs had been divided into two groups; those who supported the Carmate and those who opposed. b- The Talibi Movements: This topic has explained their role which supported the Talibi movements. c- Nasr bin Shibith Al-Uqeili movements: This topic has explained the political motives which made them participate with that movement which appeared during the reign of the Caliph “Al-M’amoon” 198-218 A-H ( 813- 833 A.D) due to the approach of the Persian leverage and eliminating the Arabian leverage away from the ruling sovereign.
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