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الرئيسية > الدور البريطانى الروسى فى إبرا...>الوصف

الدور البريطانى الروسى فى إبرام معاهدة ارضروم الثانية 1847 م : دراسة وثائقية

المؤلف الرئيسي: الحياني، أحمد عماش عبدالله (مؤلف)
المؤلف الرئيسي (الإنجليزية): Al-Hayani, Ahmed Ammash Abdullah
مؤلفين آخرين: القريشي، محمد يوسف إبراهيم (مشرف)
التاريخ الميلادي: 2010
موقع: تكريت
التاريخ الهجري: 1430
الصفحات: 1 - 242
رقم MD: 614856
نوع المحتوى: رسائل جامعية
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة العلمية: رسالة ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت
الكلية: كلية التربية
الدولة: العراق
قواعد المعلومات: Dissertations
مواضيع:
معاهدة ارضروم الثانية | التاريخ العراقى | بريطانيا | روسيا
رابط المحتوى:
صفحة العنوان     
المستخلص     
قائمة المحتويات     
24 صفحة الأولى     

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المستخلص: The issue of Iraqi-Iranian borders is one of the thorny issues which were marred by many uncertainties, and that the stage was where Iraq under the Ottoman Empire, is one of the most eras that need to be in-depth study and analysis for the detection of ambiguities Indeed, Iraq had the handcuffs, subject to the policy of the State Ottoman Empire, which controls the levers of life in Iraq, and that the length of Ottoman control in Iraq have had many of the impulses that brought Iraq's many tragedies. Hence from here ,my interesting came in the important issue of these topics which are numerous and complex, that is the subject of the role of the British-Russian in contracted of Erzrum II in 1847 between the Ottoman Empire and Persia, this Treaty is very important , which left the effects on the relations between Iraq and the Persian so far, the relations Ottoman Persian lot of problems, was in control of the Ottomans to Iraq and then admitted to Persia and the occupation of parts of them, after the exchange of the positions in between them to occupy Iraq, and having exhausted the long wars of the Ottoman Empire, and took jurisdiction deflation, assailed by the States for sharing the possession of States and after it had occupied Persia important parts of Iraq and was almost war that lies between the two countries again, which was the world powers have interests in this part of the vital and important to them to prevent the war between them again. The introduction teaks a quick view of the events of the Persian and Ottoman domination of Iraq and the exchange of positions between the parties. The first chapter discussed the most important problems which led to renewed conflict between the two countries Chapter II was tracking the efforts of Britain and Russia for the conference, including the preparation for the negotiations. The third chapter has the discussion of many problems, such as the problem of dissident tribes and the issue of Zahab. The fourth chapter focused on the reports submitted by the British politicians on some border issues and proposals for the British Ambassador Stratford Kannk to resolve the border problems between the two countries, the most important consultations that took place between the two arguments to formulate a solution, and then develop a formula terms of the treaty and signed.

The most important sources relied upon by the message, the documents in English, Arabic books, which covered the problems of the Iraqi border Persian. I have reached through this research to many conclusions, notably: - 1 - The two arguments advanced in diplomacy and negotiations methods, unlike the two disputed countries, because their representatives did not have the enough diplomatic personality of the negotiator while diplomats, have the high ability to manage the conference. 2 - Persia used a policy of fait accompli, as the occupation of areas on the border before they were negotiated, so its position in the negotiating was strong, and practiced a policy of procrastination, and although it failed to give at the conference of any written documents proving their rights to any of the areas disputed. 3 -the Kurds Played a significant role in depletion capacity of the Ottoman Empire, as tribal leaders felt good when they see themselves surrounded by a number of fighters from their clan and they see themselves on the mountain and nobody could fight them and it was difficult to access their area and the they were declaration of their state , while preoccupied with the Ottoman Empire wars in Europe, or during periods of weakness, which was affecting the state, with the Kurds, unless they can take it from the Ottomans, they take from the Ottomans a lot of money and soldiers. 4 – Banu Kaab has helped in the cutting parts of Iraq, they had frequent rebellion against the Ottoman Empire, and they were trying to secede from the Ottoman Empire in various ways to form their independent state or as the UAE Arabian Gulf in its bank, but it caught under Persia When allied with Karim Khan Al Zand in the siege of Basra in 1776 , he had been played for fools that gave them the autonomy provided to raise the Persian flag on their premises, ships on the pretext that they are under the protection of the Shah, they did not know that this work is an evidence against them in international forums.

5 - The Ottoman State in spite of the official presentation of the documentation written and make sure their rights in the disputed territories, but did not take of her documents to prove their right in spite of the clarity and the health of their issuance. 6 - The negotiators and politicians of the Ottoman Empire did not have the knowledge in the geography of the region and did not know one of them sites islands, rivers and areas in southern Iraq, as was control of the region is weak, because of revolutions by the tribes against the Ottoman Empire. 7 - the negotiations and records of meetings showed that Russia were not an honest broker to consider the two opposing look equal, but they look to regional interests and the gain by piece, the Russians were siding to Persia in an attempt to prevent Britain's involvement in Persia, after the arrival of Britain to this area dispel the dream of access to warm water. 8 - Britain looks at the negotiations from the perspective of regional and business interests in the region because it is the Arabian Gulf and Iraq as the strategic road and important to reaching its colonies in India. 9 –The treasury in the Ottoman was empty so largely contributed to the loss of parts of a large and important from Iraqi territory, as they addressed their problems in the question of financial compensation to cede Muhammarah and Zahab and other areas to Persia's inability to pay the compensation commission ruled to Persia met from Ottoman. 10 - due to the fact that Iraq was one of the mandates of the Ottoman Empire, which is responsible for all its affairs, we did not see the state use one of the sons of Iraq in the meetings of the Conference, whether negotiator, witness or in any capacity to defend the interests of the country. 11 - This treaty was the main treaties establishing the borders between the Ottoman Empire and Persia, and under this demarcation carved out vast and important areas of the land against the will of his people, but to please the interests of a number of countries.

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