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|d Le thème des voyelles et des sons prolongés est l’un des thèmes sensibles dans le cours phonétique en général, et les sons d’une langue en particulier, on en a fait couler beaucoup d’encre vu son importance, et la valeur de ces sons et leur omniprésence dans la langue arabe. Ceci a mené aux différences qu’on a constatées entre les linguistes arabes anciens et contemporains, sur le sujet ou la terminologie entre ceux qui les appellent Huruf al Madd wa Linn et les autres qui les appellent harakat Tiwal (allongés) par apport aux Kissar (courts). \nSi la référence à ces sons était auparavant superficielle, ils ont acquis avec le temps une grande importance et suscitse l’intérêt de plusieurs chercheurs. Cependant il ya encore des choses à dire et des questions à élucider : la nomination, les positions, les traits distinctifs et les fonctions.\nQue nous choisissons la première nomination ou l’autre, celle des anciens ou celle des contemporains, nous insistons sur leur omniprésence dans la langue arabe, c’est un élément nécessaire à l’expression, la communication et la transmission.\nEn ce qui concerne leur fonction, ces sons ont le plus grand impact sur la formation de maints phénomènes phonétiques et morphologiques spécifiques à la langue arabe.\nIls formant aussi un axe dans le phénomène de Al Iirab, car ils en sont la marque que laisse l’association de mots.\n
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|f Sounds of prolongation and soft wolves are a sensitive topic in the vocal lesson in general, and language sounds in particular. A lot has been written because of its great importance, or because of the value of these voices and the extent of their presence in the Arabic language. Perhaps this importance and this presence are among the reasons that gave rise to the differences between the scholars of the Arabic language, especially between the ancient and the modern ones, on this subject, or the terms and names. The first group prefers to name them as letters of prolongation (Madd) and soft vowel letters (Al-Leen) in general, while the second one calls them long vowels versus short vowels. \nAlthough the reference to these sounds in the past was superficial, over time, it became very important and was elaborated by many scholars and researchers. However, it still needs research and articles to enrich many aspects of naming, Makharij (points of vocal articulation), sifaat (attributes) and functions.\nWith regard to naming and terminology, whether we call it sounds of prolongation (Madd), or sounds of prolongation and soft vowels (Al-Leen) or sounds of soft vowels, as many of the ancients scholars have pointed out, or we name it long vowels, as we find it in writings of some modern scholars of languages and sounds. What we emphasize is that it has a strong presence in the Arabic language, and hardly any text, even a paragraph or even a sentence is free of these sounds. It is a necessary element of expression, communication and information.\nWith regard to functions, these sounds have a significant effect on the formation of many voice phenomena, morphological structures Such as Imalah, al qasr, al madd, al maqsoor, al mamdood, al manqoos, and unsound verbs with all of its kinds, ale'elal of all three types, audio clips, al fatha, and al-tafkheem. \nIt is also a central element in the phenomenon of ʾIʿrab, as they are signs of the ʾIʿrab effect that the factor leaves in the word, such as Raf’, Nasb and jarr, where we find some of it (short vowels) original signs indicative of Nominative case, Accusative case, subjective case, predicative case, possessive case, situational, etc., as we find their mothers, i.e. : long vowels idicative of such a way in the case that they represent them in ʾIʿrab.\nThis abstract translated by Dar AlMandumah Inc. 2018
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