| المستخلص: |
Hatim at-Tâ'î, lived during the time of paganism before Islam was promulgated. The Arabian people were divided into two groups; one was the Bedouin who led a no madic life and the other was the Madanis i.e. city dwellers, who lived in villages and towns. A tribal zeal was the spirit of tribality and seemed to be the most prominent traits of the members of the community. The continual clashes between tribes and homicide which were called Ayyâm al- Arab (Days of Arabs) played an important part in their daily lives. On the other hand, writing and chanting poetry was an indispensable part of their lives and they boasted of their poets. The leader of the tribe who was called sheikh, rais or sayyid had an absolute authority over his people. Hatim, who was a prominent poet and ruler of his tribewas regarded as one of the three persons whose reputation went beyond the borders of Arabian Peninsula. He personally was a descendant of Banû Şu'al clan of the Tayy tribe whose lineage goes as far back as Qahtan. The homeland of the tribe of Tayy was Yaman. Afterwards they emigrated to Hicaz area and settled in Aca' and Salma which is at present known as Hâ'il in Saudi Arabia. Hatim is one of the rare personalities to whom parables and proverbs have been referred by several authors who have compiled accounts and legends about him. Hatim, being one of the learned figures of his time, exerted influence on various cultures and literatures and on those of Arabs, Persians and Turks in particular. Numerous references VI were given to and quotations were taken from him in the literary works of these nations. He has a distinguished place in the art of poetry. The principal themes of his poetry are avoidance of vices and evil and doing goodness to others. His Diwan has been studied and published by numerous scholars. Hatim seems to have a divided personality; one is the factual or real and the other is legendary or pseudo-personality. This study aims at studying his factual life-story and the literary as pects of his life and works.
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