المستخلص: |
The influence of non-native English users’ Ll pragmatics on their foreign language performance (i.e. pragmatic transfer) has been one of the main common areas of study in the fields of interlanguage (IL) pragmatics and cross-cultural pragmatics. The present study is thus dedicated to investigating this phenomenon in the realization of the two face-threatening speech acts of criticizing and responding to criticism by Egyptian EFL interlocutors. To examine first how similar or different the two native data sets (i.e. colloquial Egyptian Arabic and American English) are in expressing these speech acts, data across groups are compared in terms of strategies, semantic formulas, modifiers and amount of talk produced by each group of data. The study also aims to detect the influence of the participants’ gender and EFL proficiency level on the occurrence of pragmatic transfer. An open-ended questionnaire is implemented to collect the data from 40 Americans living in the USA and 40 EFL Egyptian participants. Data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using the 16th version of the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings indicate that there are instances of pragmatic transfer in the non- native English (NNE) criticisms and responses to criticism realized by Egyptians. Similarities and differences between the Americans’ and Egyptians’ realizations of the two speech acts are pointed out. Both independent variables of gender and proficiency level are found to affect the frequency of pragmatic transfer. These results led to a number of cross- cultural and pedagogical implications
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